Thermodynamic Properties of Exotic States of Matter: Superfluids and Bose-Einstein Condensates

Authors

  • Ali Khan Department of Physics, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.66238/ijrss.v5i2.76

Keywords:

Superfluids, Bose-Einstein Condensates, Thermodynamics, Quantum Mechanics, Ultra-low Temperature Physics, Quantum Coherence

Abstract

The study of exotic states of matter, particularly superfluids and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), has revolutionized our understanding of quantum mechanics in macroscopic systems. This article explores the thermodynamic properties of these
states, focusing on their unique behavior at ultra-low temperatures. Superfluids exhibit zero viscosity and anomalous flow characteristics, while Bose-Einstein condensates, formed by cooling bosons to near absolute zero, present quantum phenomena on a macroscopic scale. This paper reviews key thermodynamic concepts, such as entropy, heat capacity, and chemical potential, as they apply to these exotic phases. Additionally, the relationship between quantum coherence and thermodynamic stability in superfluids and BECs is examined, along with the practical implications for quantum technologies.

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Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

Ali Khan. (2025). Thermodynamic Properties of Exotic States of Matter: Superfluids and Bose-Einstein Condensates . INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCES, 5(2), 51–67. https://doi.org/10.66238/ijrss.v5i2.76

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Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)

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Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Khan

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